Suku Anak Dalam (Orang Rimba) in Jambi Province

 

The Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) or Orang Rimba are one of the ethnic minorities living on the island of Sumatra, precisely in the provinces of Jambi and South Sumatra.  They mostly live in Jambi province, with an estimated population of around 200,000 people.  According to oral tradition, the Anak Dalam tribe are Maalau Perverted people, who fled to the jungle around Air Hitam, Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD).  They were later called the ancestors of Segayo.  Another tradition says they came from Pagaruyung, who fled to Jambi. 
 
This is reinforced by the fact that the Anak Dalam tribe have the same language and customs with the Minangkabau tribe, such as the matrilineal system.  Broadly speaking, in Jambi they live in 3 different ecological areas, namely the Orang Kubu in the north of Jambi Province (around the Bukit 30 National Park), Bukit Duabelas National Park, and the southern region of Jambi Province (along the Sumatra causeway).  They live a nomadic life and base their lives on hunting and gathering, although many of them now own rubber fields and other agriculture.  

Their lives are very sad along with the loss of forest resources in Jambi and South Sumatra, and the processes of marginalization carried out by the government and the dominant ethnic group (Malays) in Jambi and South Sumatra.  The majority of the tribes of the camp adhere to animistic beliefs, but there are also several tens of tribal families who have converted to Islam.  It can be said that the Tribal People of Anak Dalam live like in pre-historic times.  Pre-History is one of the eras before knowing the writings of the Indonesian prehistoric period in terms of two aspects, based on the materials to make the tools (divided into the Stone Age and the Iron Age), and based on the abilities possessed by the people (divided into the Hunting & Gathering Period,  Cultivation Period, & Perundagian Period).
 
Natural and Social Conditions
 
1. Geographic
 
Geographically, Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD) is located between 120º31'37" - 102º48'27" East Longitude and between 1º44'35" - 2º03'15" south latitude.  Administratively, it is located in three regencies, namely Sarolangun, MuaraTebo, and Batanghari, Jambi Province.  Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD) has an area of ​​60,500 ha.  In this protected forest area dwell the Anak Dalam Tribe or the Kubu Tribe or Orang Rimba.
 
 2. Natural Condition
 
Bukit Duabelas National Park is representative of the tropical rain forest in Jambi province.  The northern part of the national park consists of primary rainforest, while the rest is secondary forest, as a result of deforestation.  Types of plants that exist include bulian (Eusideroxylon zwageri), meranti (Shorea sp.), grinding/kempas (Koompassia excelsa), jelutung (Dyera costulata), jernang (Daemonorops draco), resin (Agathis sp.), and rattan (Calamus).  sp.).  There are approximately 120 species of plants including fungi that can be developed as medicinal plants.  This national park is a habitat for endangered and protected animals such as gibbons (Hylobates syndactylus syndactylus), macaque (Macaca nemestrina), clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa diardi), mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus kanchil), sun bear (Helarctos malayanus).  Bukit Dua Belas National Park forest for decades.  The Anak Dalam tribe calls the forests in the Bukit Duabelas National Park a wandering area;  where they interact with nature, give each other, care for and support each other.
 
Characteristics of the Children of the Twelve Hills
 
1. The Life of the Anak Dalam Tribe
 
 The life of the Anak Dalam tribe is nomadic who based their life on hunting animals and gathering forest products around them, although many of them now have rubber lands and their own agriculture.  In ancient times before they began to interact with the outside, they experienced difficulties in finding food, they looked for tubers by digging the ground up to 3 meters.  If there is a death in the area they live in, then they leave the area even though they have agricultural land which they are growing food ingredients, they are still left behind and look for a new area and will not return again within 3 years.
 
2. The History of the Origin of the Anak Dalam Tribe
 
Based on sources from Tumenggung Bertaring (50)1 the Anak Dalam tribe comes from three generations, namely:
 
1. Descendants from Palembang, South Sumatra, generally live in the Batin IX area of ​​Batanghari Regency.
 
2. Descendants of the Minangkabau, Pagaruyung Kingdom, generally live in Muara Tebo.
 
 3. Descendants of Jambi, Air Hitam Sarolangun and Bangko Regencies.
 
 
 The Embodiment of the Inner Tribe Culture
 
 1. Physical
 
The inner tribe belongs to the rasmongoloid group.  Average stature is, tan skin, curly hair, adult men and women mostly eat betel, brown teeth and unkempt because from childhood they barely stopped smoking, tangled hair because they have never been combed, and everyday appearance.  , the men only use a scarf, and the women use a cloth that is covered to the chest.  1 Interview with Mr. Muhammad Nuar, jungle name : Tumenggung Betaring, Saturday 12 December 2015.
 
 2. Non-Physical
 
 1) Bebalais (Married Children)
 
 Bebalais is a culture of marrying children, lasts for 10 – 20 nights by setting up like a big stage with the provision that it will be completed in one day with the help of 50 people, which must be made by the men, and looking for 100 types of flowers to be offered to God  .
 
2) Lowering the Bathing Child to Ayek
 
 For the safety of children from curses and to be protected by God, by making a stage on land and above the river, there are only certain people who can lower the child to bathe in ayek, if carelessly, the child will get sick later.  During the bathing process, the ayek carries weapons such as machetes and knives, when on the platform above the river the child will be swung upstream 7 times and downstream 7 times after that only when he goes up to the stage on land the child will be welcomed by his father.
 
3) Melangun
 
 It is a tradition of moving from place to place at the time of death, a group of Suku Anak Dalam who occupy an area will leave the area if one of their groups dies, and will not return until their former existence has disappeared.  But now not all of them go to melangun anymore, only their relatives go to melangun to drown out the sadness.
 
4) Baseball
 
 The origin of the word besale is not yet known, however, it can be interpreted literally to sit together to ask the almighty to be given health, peace and be avoided from harm.  This Besale is done at night led by a respected figure called a shaman.  This character must have more abilities and be able to communicate with other worlds / unseen, by providing offerings to complete the ceremony.  The point is that besale is a ceremony used to treat sick members and refuse reinforcements.
 
 5) Law of the Sakah Jungle
 
 One law that is applied by the inner child tribe that is very strong and enforced or applied according to the mistakes made is the customary law of the Pucuk Law of Nang Eight Thoroughly Twelve.
 
 
 
 Consists of 4 above:
 
 1. Stabbing the earth (adultery with biological parents)
 
 2. Menjela teluo (adultery)
 
3. Melebung Dalam (adultery with siblings)
 
 4. Bathing with Ivory Showers (Adultery with someone else's wife)
 
 Consists of 4 Bottom:
 
 1. Amo rapids (Anaman in the tribe of children in or rules should not threaten because it violates customs which will get sanctions in the form of debt in the form of cloth)
 
 2. Challenge Pahanum (Where in a group is doing deliberation suddenly someone who opposes eating will receive witness punishment)
 
 3. Suing baka (There is someone who burns cloth, houses, and the like that are useful then that person will be punished)
 
 4. Poison Tube (There is a person who comes to drink, the drink contains rajun, adum and others that can harm others and the purpose is to take revenge) Examine twelve: 12 laws that cover all human mistakes.
 
 
 
 Inner Tribe Variety
 
 1. Trust
 
 The belief system of the Anak Dalam tribe is Animism, they worship gods, such as the God of Heaven, the God of Mountains, the God of the Sea, the God of Siamang, the God of Elephants and others.  They also believe in spirits as a supernatural power.  But now many have embraced Islam, such as Tumenngung Bertaring whose Islamic name is Muhammad Nuar, and also H. Jaelani.
 
 2. Language and Writing
 
 The Anak Dalam or Orang Rimba tribes use the Jungle language.
 
 3. Economy and Livelihoods
 
 In order to maintain their survival, the Anak Dalam tribe carry out hunting, gathering, catching fish and eating fruits in the forest.  However, with the development of knowledge and living equipment used as a result of cultural acculturation with outsiders, ow they are familiar with agricultural and plantation knowledge. 
 
Hunting animals such as Pigs, Monkeys, Bears, Monkeys, Snakes, Labi-Labi, Deer, Deer and various types of poultry, is one form of their livelihood.  Hunting activities are carried out together with dogs.  The tools used are spears and machetes.  In addition, to get game animals also use a system of traps and snares.  Another type of livelihood that is carried out is gathering in the forest, namely taking fruits, leaves and roots as food.  The location of the gathering place will determine the type obtained.  If you gather in a dense forest, you usually get fruits, such as cempedak, durian, paro charcoal, and other fruits.  In scrub areas beside rivers and valleys they collect ferns, bamboo shoots, gadung, palm trees, and thatch.  Looking for rattan, taking honey, catching fish are other forms of livelihood.  Now they are also familiar with agriculture and plantations by cultivating fields and rubber as their livelihood.
 
 4. Science
 
 His knowledge is also very simple such as, astrology, looking for traces.
 
 5. Social System
 
 In carrying out their daily lives, they have a tiered leadership system, such as:
 
 1. Temenggung Is the highest position, the decisions that are set must be obeyed.  Those who violate will be punished or sanctioned according to the level of guilt.
 
 2. Children in As a census, or data collection members of the group.
 
 3. Bowl
 
 4. Menti As a letter/public relations disseminator
 
 5. Jenang is an outsider
 
 
 
 6. Art
 
 1) Anak Dalam Tribal Art Dance For example, the Eagle Dance which is danced during the ceremony lowers the child to bathe in the ayek.
 
 2) Weaving Arts such as woven baskets, bung, chopsticks, mats, and seines
 
 7. Technology and Equipment
 
 All forms of equipment used to support the process of fulfilling their daily needs are very simple, such as machetes and spears.
 
 1) Clothing The daily clothes of the tribesmen of the stronghold are men only using a loincloth or loincloth, and women using cloth that is covered to the chest.
 
 2) Building.  The building where the Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) live is very simple, in the form of a hut without walls and roofed with leaves or plastic sheeting.  There is also a fairly good construction in the form of a house on stilts with a height of 1.5 m, at the bottom it is used as a booth for storing food ingredients.  This type of house is called Gedong and Detano Figure 6. The Gedon and Detano house where the Anak Dalam tribe live
 
 Influence to date
 
 
 
 The cultural influence of the Anak Dalam Tribe (SAD) is still affecting their own lives, such as the way they cultivate crops which may now be more advanced than before.  In terms of clothing, the Anak Dalam tribe still uses cloth as a cover for their bodies, only now they have begun to match them with clothes and pants.  In terms of art, it is still very influential, such as weaving, the Suku Anak Dalam still use the handicrafts they make for their daily needs, such as Tikar, and Ambung to bring their farm produce.
Culture is a very complex and broad issue, for example, culture related to the way humans live, customs and manners.  Culture as a part of life tends to differ from one tribe to another, especially in Indonesia.  The heterogeneous Indonesian society also has different customs and habits that are still maintained to this day, including marriage customs. 1. Bugis in Sulawesi The Bugis community is one of the tribes that still maintains its culture and customs in Indonesia.  The Bugis tribe, which belongs to the Deutero Malay tribes, comes from the word To Ugi, which means Bugis people. The naming "ugi" refers to the first king of the Chinese kingdom in Pammana, Wajo Regency today, namely La Sattumpugi.  They call themselves To Ugi or the people or followers of La Sattumpugi. In its development, this community developed and formed several other kingdoms.  The Bugis people then developed their own culture, language, Lontara script and government. 2. Bugis Kingdom Some classic a
The Bugis are a tribe belonging to the Deutero Malay tribes.  Entered the archipelago after the first wave of migration from mainland Asia, precisely Yunan.  The word "Bugis" comes from the word To Ugi, which means Bugis people.  The naming "ugi" refers to the first king of the Chinese kingdom in Pammana, Wajo Regency today, namely La Sattumpugi.  When the people of La Sattumpugi named themselves, they were referring to their king. They call themselves To Ugi or the people or followers of La Sattumpugi.  La Sattumpugi is the father of We Cudai and the brother of Batara Lattu, the father of Sawerigading.  Sawerigading himself is the husband of We Cudai and gave birth to several children including La Galigo who made the largest literary work in the world with a total of approximately 9000 folio pages. Sawerigading Opunna Ware (Yang di Ware) is a story contained in the literary work I La Galigo in the tradition of the Bugis people.  The story of Sawerigading is also kn