Bugis Tribe
They call themselves To Ugi or the people or followers of La Sattumpugi. La Sattumpugi is the father of We Cudai and the brother of Batara Lattu, the father of Sawerigading. Sawerigading himself is the husband of We Cudai and gave birth to several children including La Galigo who made the largest literary work in the world with a total of approximately 9000 folio pages.
Sawerigading Opunna Ware (Yang di Ware) is a story contained in the literary work I La Galigo in the tradition of the Bugis people. The story of Sawerigading is also known in the traditions of the people of Luwuk, Kaili, Gorontalo and several other traditions in Sulawesi such as Buton. This community developed and formed several kingdoms. These communities then developed their own culture, language, script, and government. Some classic Bugis kingdoms include Luwu, Bone, Wajo, Soppeng, Suppa, Sawitto, Sidenreng and Rappang.
Although scattered and formed the Bugis tribe, the marriage process resulted in blood ties with Makassar and Mandar. Currently, the Bugis are scattered in several regencies, namely Luwu, Bone, Wajo, Soppeng, Sidrap, Pinrang, Sinjai, Barru. The transition areas between Bugis and Makassar are Bulukumba, Sinjai, Maros, Pangkajene Islands. The transition areas between Bugis and Mandar are Polmas and Pinrang Regencies.
The Luwu Kingdom is a kingdom that is considered the oldest along with the Chinese kingdom (which later became Pammana), Mario (later part of Soppeng) and Siang (an area in Pangkajene Islands). Manurung known as Manurungnge ri Matajang. Seven minor kings appointed Manurungnge ri Matajang as their king under the name Arumpone and they became a legislative council known as ade pitue.
Makassar Kingdom In the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries the kingdoms of Gowa, Soppeng, Bone, and Wajo were established, which began with a social crisis, where people preyed on each other like fish. The Makassar kingdom then split into Gowa and Tallo. But in its development, these twin kingdoms re-united into the Makassar kingdom. Soppeng Kingdom When there was chaos, two To Manurung people appeared in Soppeng. First, a woman known as Manurungnge ri Goarie who later ruled Soppeng ri Aja. and second, a man named La Temmamala Manurungnge ri Sekkanyili who ruled in Soppeng ri Lau.
Eventually these two twin kingdoms became the Soppeng Kingdom. Wajo Kingdom Meanwhile, the Wajo kingdom came from communes from various directions who gathered around Lampulungeng lake led by a person who had supernatural abilities called puangnge ri Lampulung. After his death, the commune moved to Boli which was led by someone who also had supernatural abilities. The arrival of Lapaukke a prince from the Chinese kingdom (Pammana) some time after, then built the Cinnotabi kingdom. For five generations, this kingdom disbanded and the Wajo Kingdom was formed.
Conflict between Kingdoms In the 15th century when the kingdoms of Gowa and Bone began to strengthen, and Soppeng and Wajo began to emerge, there was a border conflict in controlling political and economic domination between kingdoms. The Kingdom of Bone expanded its territory so that it met the Gowa region in Bulukumba. Meanwhile, in the north, Bone meets Luwu on the Walennae River. Meanwhile, Wajo is slowly expanding its territory. Meanwhile Soppeng expanded westward to reach Barru. The war between Luwu and Bone was won by Bone and Luwu then made their kingdoms brotherly. Walennae River is the economic route from Lake Tempe and Lake Sidenreng to Bone Bay.
To defend his position, Luwu formed an alliance with Wajo, by attacking several areas of Bone and Sidenreng. Next, the Luwu region was increasingly shifted to the north and was controlled by Wajo through conquest or merger. Wajo then rubs against Bone. The Gowa invasion then captured several areas of Bone and conquered Wajo and Soppeng. To deal with the hegemony of Gowa, the Kingdom of Bone, Wajo and Soppeng formed an alliance called "tellumpoccoe".
Spread of Islam At the beginning of the 17th century, Islamic broadcasters came from Minangkabau on the orders of Sultan Iskandar Muda from Aceh. They are Abdul Makmur (Datuk ri Bandang) who Islamized Gowa and Tallo, Suleiman (Datuk Patimang) who spread Islam in Luwu, and Nurdin Ariyani (Datuk ri Tiro) who broadcast Islam in Bulukumba
Dutch Colonialism In the mid 17th century, there was a sharp competition between Gowa and the VOC that resulted in several battles. Meanwhile Arumpone was detained in Gowa and resulted in a resistance led by La Tenri Tatta Daeng Serang Arung Palakka. Arung Palakka was supported by Turatea, a small Makassar kingdom that did not want to be under Gowa. Meanwhile, Sultan Hasanuddin was supported by his son-in-law La Tenri Lai Tosengngeng Arung Matowa Wajo, Maradia Mandar, and Datu Luwu. A terrible war resulted in the fort of Somba Opu being destroyed. This defeat resulted in the signing of the Bongaya Agreement which harmed the Gowa kingdom.
Lapatau's marriage to the daughters of Datu Luwu, Datu Soppeng, and Somba Gowa is a process of reconciliation for the conflict in the peninsula of South Sulawesi. After that there was no more major war until later in 1905-6 after the resistance of Sultan Husain Karaeng Lembang Parang and La Pawawoi Karaeng Segeri Arumpone was extinguished, the Bugis-Makassar people could only be truly conquered by the Dutch. The absence of local leadership resulted in the Dutch issuing the Korte Veklaring, a short agreement on the appointment of the king as a restoration of the condition of the kingdom which was vacant after the conquest.
The kingdom was no longer sovereign, but merely an extension of the power of the Dutch East Indies colonial government, until Japan emerged, shifting the Netherlands to the founding of the Republic of Indonesia. Period of Independence The kings of the archipelago agreed to dissolve their kingdom and merge into the NKRI. In the 1950-1960s, Indonesia, especially South Sulawesi, was busy with rebellions.
This rebellion caused many Bugis people to leave their hometowns. During the New Order era, peripheral cultures such as those in Sulawesi were completely marginalized and thus increasingly eroded. Now the Bugis-Makassar young generation is a generation that consumes more material culture as a result of modernization, losing their identity due to the New Order education pattern that marginalizes their culture.
Along with the flow of reform, the discourse of expansion emerged. The Mandar area formed a new province, namely West Sulawesi. Luwu Regency is divided into three second-level regions. Meanwhile, many sub-districts and villages/kelurahan were also expanded. But unfortunately the land is not getting wider, it is getting narrower due to increasing population and transmigration.
The livelihoods of the Bugis people are spread over the fertile lowlands and the coast, so most of the Bugis people live as farmers and fishermen. Another livelihood that the Bugis people are interested in is trading. In addition, the Bugis people also fill the government bureaucracy and pursue education. Overseas Bugis The expertise of the Bugis-Makassarese in navigating the oceans is well known, and their overseas territories extend to Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei, Thailand, Australia, Madagascar and South Africa.
In fact, on the outskirts of Cape Town, South Africa, there is a suburb called Maccassar, as a sign of the locals remembering the land of their ancestors. Causes of Migrating The conflict between the Bugis and Makassar kingdoms and the conflicts between the Bugis kingdoms in the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, caused the South Sulawesi region to be uneasy.
This causes many Bugis people to migrate, especially in coastal areas. In addition, the culture of wandering is also driven by the desire for independence. Happiness in the Bugis tradition can only be achieved through independence. Bugis in South Kalimantan In the 17th century a Bugis tribal leader came to the king of Banjar who was domiciled in Kayu Tangi (Martapura) to be allowed to establish a settlement in Pagatan, Tanah Bumbu. The King of Banjar gave the title Kapitan Laut Pulo to him who later became king of Pagatan.
Now most of the Bugis live in the east coast of South Kalimantan, namely Tanah Bumbu and Kota Baru. Bugis in Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia After the control of the Gowa kingdom by the VOC in the mid-17th century, many Malay and Minangkabau nomads who held positions in the Gowa kingdom along with other Bugis people left Sulawesi for the kingdoms of Malay land. Here they are also involved in the political struggle for the Malay kingdoms. Until now, many kings in Johor are of Bugis descent.
(Source: pusatdata.wajokab.go.id)
Comments
Post a Comment